Abstract Art Development Free Essays

If you take a look at the paintings, you will see that they are abstract. In fact, they are painted in a style that is sometimes referred to as â€Å"Abstract Expressionism†. Many people have trouble understanding and appreciating this type of art. We will write a custom essay sample on Abstract Art Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this essay is to explain how, over time, art has evolved to become more and more abstract, and why this is important. My intention is to explain the goals of abstract art, and to help you learn how to enjoy it. To begin, I’d like to introduce you to the idea that, broadly speaking, there are two types of paintings: representational and abstract. We call a painting â€Å"representational† if it portrays specific, recognizable physical objects. In some cases, the representational paintings look true to life, almost like a photograph. For example, consider the following painting by Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606-1669). This painting is called â€Å"The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp†, and was painted in 1632. â€Å"The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp† [1632] by Rembrandt van Rijn. Display a larger picture of this painting. When you look at this painting, it is easy to recognize what you are looking at. There are eight men wearing funny-looking clothing (actually, the style of clothing worn in 17th century Holland), and on a table in front of the men lies a dead man, whose arm is being dissected. It is easy to identify all the objects in the painting, as well as the overall meaning of the painting. (You are looking at an anatomy demonstration. ) Not all representational paintings are so realistic. For example, Paul Cezanne (French, 1839-1906) created some beautiful paintings of fruit. Take a look at this one, â€Å"Apples, Peaches, Pears, and Grapes†, which Cezanne painted from 1879-1880 Apples, Peaches, Pears and Grapes† [1879-1880] by Paul Cezanne. Display a larger picture of this painting. Obviously, this painting is more abstract than the previous one. Still, what you are looking at is representational. The objects in the Cezanne painting may not be as realistic as the ones in the Rembrandt — there is no way you would mistake the Cezanne painting for a photog raph — but it is easy to recognize that you are looking at various types of fruit in a bowl. When you look at a representational painting, you get an immediate feeling as to whether or not you like the painting. For example, take another look at the previous two paintings and compare what you feel when you look at the anatomy lesson with what you feel when you look at the bowl of fruit. Abstract paintings are different. They have designs, shapes or colors that do not look like specific physical objects. As such, abstract paintings are a lot harder to understand than representational paintings. Indeed, when you look at an abstract painting, you often have no idea what it is you are actually seeing. Let’s see if we can make sense out of this. In general, there are two types of abstract paintings. The first type of abstract painting portrays objects that have been â€Å"abstracted† (taken) from nature. Although what you see may not look realistic, it is close enough that you can, at least, get an idea of what you are looking at. If you have ever seen any of the paintings of Claude Monet (French, 1840-1926), you will know what I mean. In 1899, Monet began to paint a series of paintings called â€Å"Water Lilies†. These paintings depict the garden at his house in Giverny, Normandy (in France). Although the objects in the paintings don’t really look like lilies, or water, or clouds, they are close enough that you can get a feeling for what you are seeing. To see what I mean, take a look at this painting, â€Å"Water Lilies (The Clouds)†, which Monet painted in 1903. â€Å"Water Lilies (The Clouds)† [1903] by Claude Monet. Display a larger picture of this painting. A second type of abstract painting, sometimes referred to as â€Å"pure† abstract art, is even more obtuse. Such paintings do not reflect any form of conventional reality: all you see are shapes, colors, lines, patterns, and so on. Here, for example, is one of my paintings, entitled â€Å"Blue #1†, which I painted in 2000. â€Å"Blue #1† [2000] by Harley Hahn. Display a larger picture of this painting. As you can see, nothing in this painting is recognizable. There are no people, fruit or even water lilies. When you look at such art, it is natural to wonder why anyone would bother to create such paintings in the first place. What could the artist possibly have in mind? In some cases, the design itself might be pleasing to the eye, and we might look upon the painting as nothing more than a decoration. Most of the time, however, this is not the case. Indeed, a great deal of abstract art is not particularly pleasing to the eye. Moreover, why would an artist spend so much time creating a mere decoration? There must be something more to it. The truth is, yes, there is a lot more to abstract art than what meets the eye, and to see why, we have to consider the basic purpose of art. To truly appreciate a work of art, you need to see it as more than a single, isolated creation: there must be context. This is because art is not timeless. Every painting is created within a particular environment, and if you do not understand that environment, you will never be able to appreciate what the artist has to offer you. This is why, when you study the work of a particular artist, it makes sense to learn something about his life and the culture in which he lived. Although the qualities of a painting depend on the skill and desires of the artist, a great deal of what you see on the canvas reflects the environment in which the art was created. As an example, take a look at the following two paintings. The painting on the right, the well-known Mona Lisa, was painted from 1503-1506 by Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452-1519). The painting on the left, a picture of Princess Diana, was painted in 1982 by Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987). Both are portraits of a woman, and both were produced by highly skilled artists who used similar poses — but notice the striking differences in style. â€Å"Princess Diana† [1982] by Andy Warhol. Display a larger picture of this painting. â€Å"Mona Lisa† [1503-1506] by Leonardo da Vinci. Display a larger picture of this painting. If you study the lives of da Vinci and Warhol, you will find that there were — as you might well imagine — significant personal differences between the two men. These differences, however, do not account for the vast dissimilarity in painting styles. When you compare these two paintings, what you are seeing, more than anything else, are cultural differences. When an artist creates, he is strongly influenced by the times in which he lives and, no matter how innovative he might be as a person, he cannot completely escape the boundaries of his culture. As you study the history of art, you see that, at any particular place and time, there is always a dominant â€Å"school† of art that defines the prevailing artistic culture. Most artists of the time work within the norms of that culture. A few artists, however — the visionaries and the experimenters — break new ground and, as they do, they encounter tremendous resistance from people who don’t understand the â€Å"new† style of art. However, it is from the work of these innovators that art evolves. So how does this pertain to abstract art? Until the end of the 19th century, virtually all painting was representational. Artists painted pictures that were straightforward, and people looked at those paintings for one reason: to see the particular images that were depicted. At first, this idea sounds so obvious as to hardly be worth stating. Why else would you look at paintings, if not to see the images? However, as I will explain, there are other, more compelling reasons to look at a painting. Indeed, it is possible to experience a painting in such a way that you go beyond what you see, in order to find out what you might feel. In the early 1870s, a movement arose in France that began to introduce abstraction into serious art. This movement, called Impressionism, produced works of art that, for the first time, did not consist wholly of realistic images. The original goal of the Impressionists was conceptually simple: they wanted to depict nature as it really existed. In particular, they labored to capture the ever-changing effects of light, as it changed throughout the day and from season to season. For example, the French painter Monet, whom I mentioned above, spent a lot of time creating series of paintings in which he painted the same subject at different times of the day. His goal was to show how the color and form of the subject changed from one hour to the next. Take a look at this painting of haystacks, created by Monet in 1890-1891. His goal was not to paint a simple image of a stack of hay, but rather to show the color and form of the haystacks at a particular time of day at the end of the summer. From Monet’s point of view (I imagine), the painting was more of an exercise than a work of art. â€Å"Wheatstacks (End of Summer)† [1890-1891] by Claude Monet. Display a larger picture of this painting. Around the same time, another school of art, Neo-Impressionism, arose from the influence of Impressionism. The Neo-Impressionists used many small side-by-side dots to build up various shapes and colors. You can see this technique — which is known as â€Å"pointillism† — in the following painting, â€Å"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte†, created in 1884-1886 by Georges Seurat (French, 1859-1891). â€Å"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte† [1884-1886] by Georges Seurat. Display a larger picture of this painting. Finally, in the 1880s and 1890s, a disparate group of artists sought to move beyond Impressionism and its obsession with the changing effects of light. These artists, collectively known as the Post-Impressionists, created a wide range of striking and innovative paintings. Among the most important Post-Impressionists were Paul Cezanne (French, 1839-1906), whom I mentioned earlier, Paul Gauguin (French, 1848-1903) and Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890). When you look at Impressionist paintings, you will notice that, although they are generally soothing to the eye and calming to the spirit, they are, as a whole, quite boring. This is not the case with the Post-Impressionsts, as you can see by looking at the following two paintings. First, here is â€Å"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? â€Å", painted in 1897 by Gauguin. â€Å"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? † [1897] by Paul Gauguin. Display a larger picture of this painting. Next, take a look at â€Å"Irises†, painted in 1889 by van Gogh. â€Å"Irises† [1889] by Vincent van Gogh. Display a larger picture of this painting. The last three decades of the 19th century were a time of two important — and distinct — transitions. First, as I have mentioned, there was a gradual change from representational art to abstract art. You can see this in the work of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists. The second change was more subtle, but far more important. With the work of the Post- Impressionists, the purpose of art itself had begun to change. For most of history, the primary purpose of painting had been to portray images, rather than to evoke feelings and emotions. Starting with the Post-Impressionists, however, the emphasis began to shift. For the first time, unconscious feelings began to find their way into mainstream art. What allowed this to happen was that the Impressionists had loosened the bonds, giving permission for painters to stray from their representational roots and become more abstract. To be sure, the Post-Impressionists were still quite literal in their work: when you look at the work of Cezanne or Gauguin or van Gogh, you do know what you are looking at. Indeed, at the beginning of this essay, I used one of Cezanne’s paintings (â€Å"Apples, Peaches, Pears, and Grapes†) as an example of representational work. Still, the gradual shift to abstraction and the capturing of deep-seated emotion was real and far-reaching. The reason that this is so important is that most of human life exists unconsciously, below the surface of perception and beyond the reach of voluntary, purposeful thinking. Within this netherworld, lies the strong, untamed and irrational forces that give life to our being and definition to what it means to be human. Until the 20th century, artists had to be content with merely grazing the surface of consciousness. Try as they might, their ability to penetrate to the heart of what it means to be human was limited by their tools. When the brain processes a recognizable image, a mental barrier is erected that prevents significant entry into the processes of the unconscious. Thus, representational art, by its very nature, imposes limits on how deeply an artist is able to insinuate him- or herself into the unconscious processes of the observer. However, with the coming of abstraction, artists had, for the first time, a powerful tool that would allow them to bypass literal perception and reach into this otherwise impenetrable world of unconscious emotion. This was possible because, the more abstract a work of art, the less preconceptions it evokes in the mind of the beholder. In the hands of a skillful practitioner, abstract art can be an extremely powerful tool. However, as I will explain in a moment, such tools require more than the skill of the artist, they require the cooperation of the observer. Before I get to this point, however, I’d like to continue with a bit of history. By the beginning of the 20th century, the move towards abstraction had generated enormous possibility. Previously, painters — restricted by the conventions of representational art — had confined themselves to either imitating nature or telling stories. Now, for the first time, artists were able to enter a realm in which unbounded imagination was, not only possible, but desirable. Between 1910 and 1920, a new movement towards abstract art, both in painting and sculpture, arose in Europe and in North America. The first important abstract artist was Wassily Kandinsky (Russian, 1866-1944). During the years 1910 to 1914, Kandinsky created a series of paintings which he called â€Å"Improvisations and Compositions†. Even today, almost a century later, Kandinsky’s work is striking in its ability to bypass our consciousness and stir our inner feelings. Take a look, for example, at one of my favorites, â€Å"Improvisation 7†, which Kandinsky painted in 1910. â€Å"Improvisation 7† [1910] by Wassily Kandinsky. Display a larger picture of this painting. The work of Kandinsky was extremely influential, and helped to usher in an age in which a number of abstract movements were established, one after another: Cubism, Futurism, Vorticism, Neoplasticism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and so on. Rather than describe each of these movements in detail, I’d like to jump to what I consider to be the defining point of 20th century art: Abstract Expressionism. What we now call Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York in the early 1940s. It was not so much a well-defined school of art, as a way of thinking. The Abstract Expressionists made the final break from the rigid conventions of the past, by redefining what it meant to be an artist. In essence, they rebelled against what the rest of the art world judged to be acceptable. Although the idea of abstraction had been around for some time, the Abstract Expressionists went a lot further. They began to emphasize, not only the finished product, but the actual process of painting. They experimented in how they interacted with the paint, the canvas, and their tools; and they paid attention to the physical qualities of the paint itself, its texture, color and shape. I realize this sounds vague and pretentious, so I will explain to you what it all means. Before I do, though, let’s take a look at an Abstract Expressionist painting, so you can at least get a feeling for what I am talking about. The following painting was created in 1950 by Jackson Pollock (American, 1912-1956), a pioneer of what came to be called â€Å"action painting†. The painting was originally called â€Å"Number 1, 1950†, but at the suggestion of an art critic named Clement Greenberg, the painting was renamed â€Å"Lavender Mist† (although, there is actually no lavender in it). Lavender Mist† [1950] by Jackson Pollock. Display a larger picture of this painting. The name â€Å"action painting† was coined to describe the techniques used by Pollock. He would fasten large canvases to the floor of his studio, and then drip, fling, and spill paint on them. He often used regular house paint, because he preferred the way it flowed. Now, I under stand that the first time you look at a picture like â€Å"Lavender Mist† you may see nothing more than a confusing array of disorganized lines and spots. â€Å"What,† I hear you say, â€Å"is this supposed to mean? How could anything so primitive and crude be considered to be great art? It looks like something a bored kid would do if he was left alone in an art studio with no supervision. † Before I explain why â€Å"Lavender Mist† is, indeed, great art, let me tell you a quick story. A few years ago, I decided to visit Washington, D. C. by myself. It was the middle of winter, and the city had been hit by a huge snowstorm. I was all alone, so I decided to walk to the National Gallery of Art. The streets were virtually empty, and as I entered the museum, I could see that it too was empty. I asked the information person if they had anything by Jackson Pollock. She said yes, and gave me directions to the room in which his paintings and drawings were hung. I had heard of Pollock and seen photographs of his work, but I had never seen any of the paintings in person. I still remember the feeling I had when I descended the stairs, turned the corner, and looked at the wall. I was alone in a large room and, there on the far wall, was â€Å"Lavender Mist†. The effect it had on me was completely unexpected. It was the only time in my life when I can remember a painting, literally, taking my breath away. I know this will sound a bit sappy, but seeing that painting changed me forever. Looking at a Jackson Pollock painting for the first time. How could this be the case? You just looked at a picture of the same painting, and I doubt you felt as if you had been changed forever. First, I should explain that the actual canvas is large, nearly 10 feet (3 meters) long. It is quite imposing when you see it in person, especially in a large empty room, where the painting seems to reach out, grab you and pull you towards it. Second, what you see in the picture above is nothing like the real thing. Not only is the picture on your screen much smaller than the actual painting, but the colors you see on a computer monitor are muted and inexact. Moreover, on a computer screen, you do not get a sense of the texture of the paint and the canvas. All of this you understand, I am sure. Everyone knows that viewing a real painting is a lot different from looking at a picture of the painting on a computer monitor (or on a projection screen in an art history class, for that matter). However, there is another reason why I was so moved by â€Å"Lavender Mist†, and it has to do with the very purpose of art. To discuss this, we have to consider the question, Why do we create art? There are a number of straightforward reasons why human beings create art: to make a decoration, to tell a story, to capture or preserve an image, or to illustrate an idea. However, there is another, more subtle, but far more important reason why art is important to us. The need to reach inside ourselves and manipulate our unconscious feelings is universal. We all do it to some degree, although most of the time we are blind to what we are doing. That is where art comes in. As I explained earlier, one of the purposes of art is to allow us indirect access to our inner psyche. Great art affords a way to get in touch with the unconscious part of our existence, even if we don’t realize what we are doing. In this sense, the role of the artist is to create something that, when viewed by an observer, evokes unconscious feelings and emotions. The reason abstract art has the potential to be so powerful is that it keeps the conscious distractions to a minimum. When you look at, say, the apples and pears of Cezanne, your mental energy mostly goes to processing the images: the fruit, the plate, the table, and the background. However, when you look at â€Å"Lavender Mist†, you are not distracted by meaningful images, so virtually all of your brain power is devoted to feeling. You can open yourself, let in the energy and spirit of the painting, and allow it to dance with your psyche. Of course, this only works if you cooperate with the artist. His job is to create a painting that is rendered so skillfully that, when you look at it, what you see actually changes what you feel at an unconscious level. Your job is to clear your conscious mind of thoughts and preconceptions in order to allow yourself to be influenced by what you are seeing. This means that, if you are to truly appreciate a work of art, you must be willing to let yourself go, to put yourself in the hands of the artist, so to speak, and let him take you wherever he wants. Much of the time, this partnership fails, sometimes because the artist is simply not skillful enough; often because the person looking at the painting does not know how to truly appreciate it. Now you can see why the advent of Abstract Expressionism was so important. For the first time in history, artists were creating abstract art so skillfully that it was able to penetrate quickly and powerfully into people’s subconscious (at least some people, some of the time). Thus, it is possible to view the history of painting as a long evolutionary process, starting with the slow, labored development of tools and techniques. Eventually, after centuries of representationalism, the Impressionists began to shake off the long- standing restrictions, which led to the development of various schools of abstract art, culminating, in the 1940s, with Abstract Expressionism, the beginning of a new age of creation and human achievement. I’d like to introduce to you a few of the Abstract Expressionists, painters whose work was important to the evolutionary process that redefined what it meant to be an artist. One thing that you will see is that work of these painters varies greatly. This is because, as I have mentioned, Abstract Expressionism is not so much a school of painting as a way of approaching and experiencing the act of creation. I have already shown you â€Å"Lavender Mist† (1950) by Jackson Pollock. Here is one of Pollack’s earlier paintings, â€Å"The Key†, which he created in 1946. â€Å"The Key† [1946] by Jackson Pollock. Display a larger picture of this painting. Next, I’d like to show you a painting by Arshile Gorky (Armenian-American, 1904-1948), whose work had significant influence at the time that Abstract Expressionism was emerging. This painting, called â€Å"One Year the Milkweed†, was created in 1944. â€Å"One Year the Milkweed† [1944] by Arshile Gorky. Display a larger picture of this painting. When you are just getting used to abstract art, you might wonder, just how good are these artists anyway? It doesn’t look all that hard to fill a canvas with lines, and smears, and splotches. I can assure you that the best abstract painters are all highly skilled artists in their own right. For example, here is a charcoal sketch done by Gorky in 1938, called â€Å"The Artist’s Mother†. It is actually an idealization of his mother, inspired by an old photograph. ) â€Å"The Artist’s Mother† [1938] by Arshile Gorky. The next painting is by Franz Kline (American, 1910-1962). It is called â€Å"Painting Number 2†, and was created in 1954. â€Å"Painting Number 2† [1954] by Franz Kline. Display a larger picture of this painting. Finally, here is a painting by Mark Rothko (Russian-American, 1903-1970), entitled â€Å"White Center† and created in 1950. This painting is an example of what is called â€Å"Color Field† painting: an abstract image with large areas of undiluted color. â€Å"White Center† [1950] by Mark Rothko. How to cite Abstract Art Development, Papers

Tesla Motors Marketing Plan for Sustainable Market Growth

Question: Describe the marketing plan for Tesla Motors Company. Answer: 1. Executive Summary Tesla Motors main goal was to be able to provide the best and most affordable electric vehicles that would be preferred to gasoline vehicles by consumers. Apart from designing, manufacturing and selling the models of these vehicles, Tesla also offers super-chargers for their customers in the United States at certain places like restaurants, shopping centers and malls. Generally, there are 498 free charging stations with a total of 2804 superchargers. An advantage to them is that they are able to gain loyal customers for their vehicles and the customers can freely easily access the chargers (a promise by the CEO Elon Musk). Tesla uses the most friendly technology to produce their cars which are co-friendly, comfy, luxurious and cheap e.g. Model S and Model X. They also provide electric vehicle powertrain in advance for their competitors like Toyota and Daimler AG. Tesla tries to beat its competitors by opening up as many subsidiary outlets as possible which makes them more accessible by their customers. To increases its popularity among its customers, the company uses techniques like promotions, advertisements on social media (free) and word-of-mouth which they consider to be reliable and best techniques. The company has also opened many retail centers for their sales in order to back up these techniques of accessibility to customers. Tesla markets its products via twitter, blogs and you tube which helps them to update their customers on new important information that they may require currently and gives them hope for future expectations. By providing their customers with affordable vehicles which are environmentally friendly and free charging station which are easily accessible, Teslas market mix seems to be efficient and effective because their sales and profits increase with time. 2. Background Information Tesla Motors (named after the electrical engineer and physicist called Nikola Tesla, Tesla Motors, 2007) was started by Marc Tarpenning and Martin Eberhard in July the year 2003. It is one of the largest public companies in America that deals with energy storage and automotive electrical gadgets. Electric cars, components and battery products are designed, manufactured and sold here too. The companys first car production was Tesla Roadster (first fully electric car) which gained them a lot of fame and popularity in the automotive industry (Tesla Company, 2010). The second car that the company made was the Model S which was among the best electric plug-in sedan cars selling in the year 2015 (Tesla Motors, 2007). Model X and 3 were the vehicles that followed in 3rd and 4th positions respectively. Apart from offering some of the best battery charging components to their customers, the company also operates with stations like restaurants, malls, galleries and shops whereby they sell thei r best products to their potential and existing customers. The companys mission is to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport by bringing compelling mass market electric cars to the market as soon as possible for the safety of their customers and the families they entrust to their cars and to accelerate the worlds transition to electric mobility with a full range of increasingly affordable electric cars for all consumer (Tesla Motors). The company believes in coming up with the most affordable and safe vehicles which can be purchased by most consumers with an aim of offering the best and most comfortable transport facilities for them. Its vision is to create the most compelling car company of the 21st century by driving the worlds transition to electric vehicles (Tesla Motors). It aims at becoming the best company in the world that can offer the best electric vehicles and stimulating the world into becoming a better one technologically. The company increased its sales with ti me but later reduced the production of Roadster to focus more on the production of Model S and X. In 2010 the company announced its public contribution on NASDAQ whereby the public was offered 13300000 shares to buy and has continued with this strategy to date. 3. Situation Analysis 3.1. Demography Tesla Motors main targets are the upper-middle class persons with the ability to afford their vehicles (Tesla motors, 2009). Also considering the fact that there is an increase in gas prices and environmental awareness, there is increased popularity and demand for affordable and environmentally friendly electric cars in the United States. Tesla Motors was one of the first companies to produce a pure electric car and market it (Model S). Basically, it is normal to see the hybrids of these models on the roads but these does not affect the market of the originals for the loyal customers of the companies producing them. With the incomes of the average income earner in the United States increasing (according to the U. S Census Bureau), the sales of Tesla increased with increase in demand for electric vehicles. In addition to this, the US government has increased the subsidy provision to electric car producing companies (US News, 2014) which has made Teslas sales to increase with time. Tes la also faces some challenges from certain states like Texas (Texas Lobby, 1015) and Michigan (Martinez et al., 2014) where automobile manufactures who act as dealers are not allowed (Vance A, 2014). However, Tesla has an advantage of being able to sell their cars online to the customers in these countries and has built galleries in Texas to help them educate their potential customers about the cars. However, the laws in Michigan go as far as forbidding manufactures from opening centers in the state and this certainly bans Tesla even from opening galleries there (Shepardson D, 2015). Tesla also faces competition from other companies producing and selling electric cars e.g. Model S of Tesla with Mercedes Benz S Class which is also a luxury sedan car, Model 3 of Tesla which is to be launched soon is expected to face competition from Chevrolet Bolt from the General Motors a plug-in hybrid sedan (Bob L, 2009). Currently, Tesla has no stiff competition in its market because no other car company that has been able to produce a pure electric car so far. 3.2. Demand Analysis The demand for electric cars has increased with time and thus increasing Teslas sales. This is because its the only company that is currently in a position to produce pure electric cars accompanied with superchargers and some of the best battery components compared to other automobile companies. As of 31st of March 2016, Tesla has sold an average of 125000 electric cars 2008 since 2008 when it delivered its first Roadster. The most demanded car from Tesla is Model S (Cobb J, 2016) followed by Model X and lastly comes the Roadster. Model 3, the fourth model for Tesla is to be launched by mid-2017 which is expected to attain a mass market and retail deliveries for the company. 3.3. Marketing Environment/Swot Analysis The SWOT Analysis is the study, analysis and understanding of both the external and internal environments of a company i.e. the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by a company in its marketing and selling responsibilities. 3.3.1.External Environment Legal/Political Issues-Most of the governments in the developed countries like the US are more interested in helping the electric car producing companies with an aim of encouraging the public to purchase those cars and also for environmental improvement (Mangram, 2012). Policies like provision of subsidy to electric car producing companies have been set up. These policies reduce the production price of these companies and therefore the car price too and this makes the cars cheap and affordable to the public. Also the cars are made in a way that they appear very attractive compared to the gasoline using cars and this encourages the public to purchase them (Mangram, 2012). This acts as an opportunity for Tesla Motors because its an electric car producing company. Economic Issues-According to the Us Census Bureau, the income of an average earner has increased and therefore more money in supply to purchase luxury stuff. When the incomes increase, Tesla is able to increase its sales but when it decreases its sales decreases too. When the economy of a country is low, production becomes expensive thus increasing car prices and making purchase impossible for consumers and sales reduction for Tesla Motors. This acts as an opportunity as well as a threat for Tesla Motors. Technological Support-Tesla Motors provides free supercharging network stations for their customers at certain stations i.e. 498 in the US, 259 in North America, 222 in Europe and 119 in Asia (309). Teslas Model S was designed to in a way that its able to allow battery swapping and this made it possible for Tesla to give the same property to their upcoming car models (Sebastian, 2009).In the year 2013, Teslas main goal was putting up a battery swapping station in every supercharging station available to be able to give its customers full support and service. This two scenarios indicate the strengths of Tesla to its environment. Competition-Tesla faces competition from other car companies like the General Motors, Ford and Honda Motors Company even though they are specialized in hybrid or gasoline cars. Currently, the General Motors aim is to produce the Chevrolet Bolt which has almost the same features like that of the upcoming model of Tesla (Model 3). This characteristics of Chevrolet Bolt may make it look like a substitute car model for Teslas Model 3 (Mangram, 2012). The competition that is yet to come seems to be a threat facing Tesla. 3.3.2. Internal Environment Resources-They are divided into either tangible or intangible resources. For the tangible resources, Tesla has got very good financial access. In the year 2012, it was able to make profits averaging to $400million from selling shares and giving long-term debts to customers. Tesla also has got so many outlet markets in different countries like US (where its headquarters are situated i.e. California) Asia, Australia, Canada and Europe. It also has many factories where the manufacturing takes place like Tesla factory and Gigag factory. The intangible resources that Tesla own are: have a very efficient and effective top management team currently led by the CEO Elon Musk, a unique technology and ownership of patents of batteries and drivetrain which enable it to b way ahead of its competitors and the wide popularity of their products because of their advertising and marketing techniques. These two factors are its strengths. Battery Supply Guarantee-Tesla manufactures its batteries from lithium-ion cells which are currently in short supply. This may therefore hinder Tesla from expanding its market as it may want (Mangram, 2012). 3.4. Current Competition There is a lot of competition from other car producing companies either electronic, gasoline or hybrid. Besides working with other companies as partners in producing other products, Tesla competes with them in the products they commonly produce. Companies like Toyota, Daimler AG, Panasonic and Airbnb have one time or another formed partnerships with Tesla to produce certain products. However, they are also competitors especially in the car and battery production. Tesla faces competition also from other automotive companies like the General Motors and Ford. 3.5. Product Tesla being an automotive company, its products are definitely electronics. It designs, manufacture and sells electronic cars, battery, electronic vehicle powertrain components and other electronic components. The car models are: Tesla Roadster which was the first electric sports car, Model S, a sedan was the second Teslas car and was announced in 2008 (Michael, 2008), Model X came up being the third car model of Tesla and was first delivered in 2014 (Young A, 2013) and last is the Model which is to be delivered in the early 2017. Tesla also has future car models whereby it is planning on developing autonomous driving characteristics. It has plans for starting electric minivans and fleet vans and crossover SUVs, Model X crossover which will share features with Model S. There are also ideas on debuting a Roadsters successor in 2019 (Ballan, 2015) and a Model Y, a combination of Model 3 and X features which will be much cheaper and more affordable than the others (Warren T, 2015). The battery products include a 7 and 10kWh wall mounted unit which were unveiled in 2015. Supercharger networks which are accompanied by a battery swapping station are situated in every country where Tesla has an outlet. 3.6. Competitors Marketing Promotional Budget and Sales Analysis In the business world, the sellers or producers may choose to play with their products price or its quality i.e. either to sell a good/bad quality product at low/high price. But in the automobile industry, there are players who chose to offer both to their customers. E.g. the General Motors and the Fords main aim is to take care of the mass market segment offering best luxurious cars like land Rover and Jaguar in the industry which makes them the largest competitors of Tesla. For electric vehicle selling, Nissans Leaf was the best-selling brand in 2014 whereby it sold more than 60000 units which more than twice the units sold by Tesla for Model S. This shows that Teslas competitors may have better ways of marketing and selling and that why their sales are more than those of Tesla. When it comes to budgeting, other automotive companies allocate a lot of funds to advertising e.g. the Nissan Motors which spent $25million for the Leaf in 2012. 3.7. Target Market and Target Positioning Analysis Tesla Motors mainly targets the average income earning people but who have enough cash to spare for luxurious things or wants i.e. the upper middle class of people (Tesla Motor Company, 2009). Some of the companys goals being to: to be able to sell its vehicles online and in its own showrooms, to sell their powertrain and other electric components to other automotive companies and to become a motivation and an example to other companies (Rogowsky, 2013), it is able to position itself as one of the best car company in the market. It can therefore can market and sell its products effectively and efficiently and compete with other companies. Tesla also owns more than 200 galleries (120 outside US) which it uses to sell in retail to its customers directly or even online as well as in wholesale. This means that it has a large market share and segment too compared to other companies therefore positioning it as one of the best. 4. Marketing Promotion Objectives and Strategies for 2016-2017 Promotional Objectives: To increase the number and variety of electric cars, electric components and batteries available for customers thus increasing sale. To be able to look up to typical technological product life cycles and to be the best automotive company with high quality and affordable products. To be in a position to sell its cars to its consumers directly or indirectly from its own showrooms, galleries and shops hence increasing customers base and market share. To be the best powertrain component producer and make large sales to other automotive companies. To be the best example and motivator to other automotive companies. Promotional Strategies According to Elon Musk, Tesla Motors has and will never have any advertisement to promote its products. The company does not allocate any money for advertisement (UC Berkeley, 2014). It also does not have any dealer networks or agents or sale persons to help in its promotion. Instead Tesla uses a pool advertising strategy whereby it chooses to use the media (you tube, twitter and blogs) to make its products known to the public. The word of mouth is also used especially in the galleries where customers need to be given more information about the products. The companys CEO, Elon Musk is one of the frequent writers in the companys blog where he updates their customers on expected products, technology, improvements of the existing products and all other changes that have taken place in the companys products. However, the company can chose to promote a product especially when its new to the market otherwise no advertising promotions in any way. 5. Media and Budget Allocation for 2016-2017 The companys CEO, Elon Musk swore that he is never going to allocate any funds for advertisement of the companys products so no money that has been allocated for advertisement for 2016-2017. In March 2016, the CEO Elon Musk, announced that there will be a new Model 3 car (pocket friendly and features more like those of sedan and hatchback design) whose production will begin mid- 2017 and will be at an average price of $35000. The production of this vehicle will lead to 500000 vehicles total Tesla car production. This means the company will have to increase its production expenses but will expect more profits after selling the cars because the demand for the new Model 3 is relatively high. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, Teslas most sold product is the Model S car which is being demanded by most of the upper-middle class people. Tesla concentrates its selling towards the places where its sure that it has a large market share and segment. Tesla also has an advantage over other electric car selling companies with the fact that Model S car has very unique characteristics and features compared to others. It is the only fully electric luxury sedan car produced by any company and therefore this places it on the top of its competitors. In addition to this, Teslas low prices and differentiation strategies accompanied by perfect and effective product placement, the company is able to utilize its market strategies which gives it the top positions in the automotive industry. Teslas mission and vision are aimed at providing the best quality, affordable and luxurious cars for their customers. In addition to this advantage, the cars usually go handin-hand with things like MP4 and MP3 Players, HD stations among others. Tesla gives the best value to its customers but it also have some problems which it has to improve, they include: Improving their channels of product purchase and delivery for it to take shorter time, reduce the test-driving charges for their customers, increase promotions through other means apart from media. References Angelo, Y. (2013). Tesla Model X Release Date:Superficial Production Next Year;Deliveries to Customers in Full Effect Later. International Business Times. Ashlee, V. (2014, October 10). The Cult of Elon Musk:A night with "D" and thousands of Tesla fanatics. Bloomberg Week. Blanco, S. (2013). Tesla Model S was Designed with Battery Swaps in Mind. Autoblog Green. Business Insider. (n.d.). Here is why Tesla Motors is Named for a Famous Serbian iInventor. Bussiness Insider. Cobb, J. (2015, November 3). Tesla Q3 Earnings Induce After Hours Stock Market Spike. Hybrid Cars. David, S. (2015, May 12). FTC Urges Michiban to Drop Tesla Sales Ban. Detroit News. Jeff, C. (2016, Jnuary 12). Tesla Model S Was World's Best Selling Plug-in Car in 2015. Hybrid cars. Lutz, B. (2009, August 1). The Man Who Revived the Electric Car. News Week Next. Mangram M E. (2012). The Globalisation of Tesla Motors. A strategic Market Plan Analysis, pp. 289-312. Michael, B. (2015). The Tesla's Model S Just Got Upgraded to Ludicrous Speed. Jalopnik. Michael, M., Michael, W. (2014, October 16). New Jersey Bans Direct Auto Sales. The Detroit News:Business. Richard, M. G. (2008). Tesla's Next Electric Car to be called Model S:New factory to open in North California. TreeHugger.com. Tesla Motors. (2007, October 16). Why the Name Tesla? Achieved from the Original. Tesla Motors. (2009). Tesla Motors Company Marketing Sedan to Upper-middle Class Green-friendly 'Baby Boomer' Generation. Tesla Motors. (2010). The Worlds Only Electric Sports Car. Tesla Roadster. Tesla Motors. (2014, November 2). About Tesla. Tesler Motors. Texas Lobby Group. (2015, January 21). Tesla Poised for Lobbying Blitz. Texas Lobby Group:Conservative Lobbists. UC Berkeley Extension. (2014, December 2). Strategic Marketing for Tesla Motors. Strategi Marketing for Tesla Motors. US News. (2014, November 3). Tesla Success is the Result of Politics and Subsidies. US News and World Report.

New Step by Step Roadmap for Formal Education Essay Samples

New Step by Step Roadmap for Formal Education Essay Samples After you're prepared to start writing the paper, remember that you're only working on your very first draft. To accomplish this, gather all of your research materials initially, then earn a list of the many crucial points or statements you desire to make in your essay. For instance, if you're writing a simple essay explaining the meaning and relevance of a notion, your target must be to present an overall definition of the topic. To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you should be in a position to hit the question and supply a straightforward answer while at the identical time observing the most suitable structure of an essay. The answers aren't likely to just pop out, but when the applicant knows what things to search for, they can write a credible and meaningful essay. The simplest approach to influence the sort of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. An official essay might be a requirement in. The Formal Education Essay Samples Trap Education is the one most important aspect in the rise of our nation. It provides us with specialized skills that are in short supply and which are difficult to replicate, at least, under the current state of technology. Higher education also supplies a competitive edge in the career marketplace. College education functions as the secret to a prosperous future to individuals that are serious by it. You will need to spell out why college education is significant to you and why you will take it rather seriously. As everyone probably knows, a college education is very good for each individual, but in addition to that, it's great for the nation. Education has become the most important asset that you may have or achieve. Presently, college education is now the minimum requirement in securing work in various businesses. Another reason is it makes individuals more intelligent. Formal education is recognized by the state in addition to industry and people have a tendency to find job opportunities on the grounds of level of formal education they've achieved Informal education isn't recognized by the state but is important in the general maturation of the person. During an economic downturn, it is not uncommon for employers to lower jobs. Often people are trying to escape their dead-end job, and that's why they seek a greater education. Formal Education Essay Samples: the Ultim ate Convenience! To start with, it's well worth acknowledging that college education arguably acts as a very good precursor to enhanced career fortunes. Relatively speaking, a college education is quite important, especially in the event you'd love to boost your earning potential over the span of your working lifetime. In conclusion, it is very important to have. It provides a competing advantage in the job scenario. Formal Education Essay Samples Options There are a lot of ways in which education benefit people. In Europe, many nations offer you completely free college education only because they see the youth's drive for education for a benefit for their country, not only a way to earn a whole lot of money. Lots of people know they want to attend college, but don't know precisely why, or the way it will enrich their lives. Unfortunately they are becoming more and more unaware of informal education. Investing in your higher education is an enormous commitment of effort and money. Investing in your education can help you realize your career objectives and succeed in life generally speaking. There are several different kinds of education. Higher education systems can likewise be considered very valuable since they provide individuals with life skills that are critical to being successful in life. Becoming in a position to read and write made it less difficult to spread religion after all. Getting in a position to develop yourself is invaluable, and having a greater education will help you do this. Michelle Obamas' life is the ideal illustration of an authentic combatant. Education is not just critical for the purpose to find a great job but it's also to make our life simpler.

Criminal Justice Degree Paper Topics - Research Methods In Criminal Justice And Criminology

Criminal Justice Degree Paper Topics - Research Methods In Criminal Justice And CriminologyResearch methods in criminal justice and criminology paper topics are some of the most essential aspects for a career in criminal justice. The various opportunities available to those interested in this career can be very diverse, but if you're serious about your career, it's important that you choose a topic that will make you stand out.There are different research methodologies used in different studies, so you will need to learn these well. There are some issues you should look out for: how relevant is the data? Do the methods used in the study have appropriate statistical techniques and adequate sampling?As well as the methods, it's important to know what topics are going to get you further down the line. Some schools will prepare a bibliography on paper in advance, so you will be able to determine how applicable these are. It is worth remembering that you don't have to use the same methods as other criminologists.If you want to become an officer, you will need to have experience in researching and solving problems based on statistics and current crime rate. The coursework will be similar to other studies, with a concentration on decision making, organizational behavior and the law. You may have to complete topics that cover methods used in investigations, analysis and communications; group work and research methodology; and communication with suspects and victims.In the field of criminal justice, research methods will always have a part to play, and it's important that you understand all the different fields. Criminal justice professionals also take part in different courses such as criminology, criminology courses and police science. These courses will teach you about different kinds of crime, the definition of crime, and the various theories used to understand crime.Different fields will also help you to understand that there are many layers to each type of crime a nd knowing more about these can lead to better treatment and better prevention of crime. Studies on personality and behavior will help you understand your own behavior and development as a person and also help in solving crimes by identifying different types of criminals.Police science and psychology studies will also help you to understand various people. Having a background in criminology will give you a better understanding of how you think and feel, as well as giving you the chance to analyze and explain your behavior. This will help in communication with the public, and how to be a responsible police officer and citizen.Various criminology will allow you to understand who the criminals are, how they operate, and what drives them. It's important that you start the search for a criminology degree online, as there are plenty of programs available on the web that offer criminal justice degrees.

How to Prepare Past Papers for CS101

How to Prepare Past Papers for CS101It is interesting to see how much effort, time and research went into preparing a program for CS101 Final Term. The detailed homework assignment, long test papers, extensive reading and many more factors are vital in preparing a successful final term. Each student is supposed to do his own work without any supervision. One has to be confident and responsible and may not hesitate to research and correct errors or make suggestions on things that are unclear to him.The degree course would normally end on the last day of Final Term. The paper work would continue till the last day of the last week of assignments. Students will have to complete a paper in this period. Most papers are prepared by the instructors and lecturers.The problems of CS101 are faced by students during Final Term, and they should be submitted at the very end of the period. They can be submitted with notes to the instructor.The future student must study at least two years before app lying for CS101. He must be strong and able to withstand many adversities and challenges. The system will take care of all his problems and the quality of studies will be good and enjoyable.The top priority for all students is to appear smart in papers which would be used to determine if they will qualify for admission. If a student is still in school, it is important to perform well in papers. The past papers can be compared to the marks and the grade given by the teachers.CS101 provides an opportunity to test your knowledge about computer sciences and programming. If you are having problem in solving some problem, you can always consult the references provided by the professors or lecturers.Students should consider paper study in CS101 as a great opportunity to realize their abilities and knowledge. The past papers reflect the character of the student and are also an indication of the future trend of the student.

How Will Wharton Achieve Your Goals?

How Will Wharton Achieve Your Goals?You are required to apply the Power of Wharton and secure success in your life. For those who have gained success in their career by applying this Power of Wharton; that is the only true definition of success. You must apply this Power of Wharton and you must be very wise. You must be more careful with your success as the cost of failure is very high in terms of mental and financial health.In order to acquire success from a successful Wharton graduate; you must read this sample essay carefully. It will show you how can Wharton achieve your goals. It will teach you how to find out a Wharton graduate, and you will learn the qualities of a great Wharton graduate.A Wharton graduate is always certain to pursue his career to the highest level and that is why he is a winner. He has the capacity to attain goals. He is sure to achieve his targets and objectives.The first thing you must know is that a student must write a thesis and he must study his writing ability thoroughly. This will show him how to find a student who can fulfill his objectives.Writing a thesis is not a simple task and this is not something that any student can do overnight. A student must work hard to achieve success in his life. If he fails to do this; then he will fail in life.The essay must be a student's thought; it must show a student the direction of his life and that is the reason why writing a thesis is needed. When the student thinks; he knows everything and when the student writes a thesis; he knows where he is going.You must see that a student who writes a thesis is smart and that is why he should study writing. He must study writing and even his fellow students must see that writing a thesis is needed in his life.The goal of the student is to excel himself, to achieve goals and to get success. The great students always get success. That is why they have written a thesis.

Gender and Female Aesthetics free essay sample

Womantext, Hard Choice by Sunnie Ododo is a play that reveals female aesthetics as well as showing the fact that the female is more naturally adventurous and different examples are shown to back up this view. The term â€Å"Feminism† has different definitions which include: -According to the Oxford Advanced English Dictionary ,’’ Feminism is the belief and aim that women should have the same right and opportunities as men. It is the in equality that exists between the gender -Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining , establishing and defending equal political, economic and social rights and equal opportunities for women. The major feminism analysis will be discussed under the symbolism, images of womanhood, Feminism tendencies and aesthetics, female characterization. First and foremost the play presents to the traditional marriage ceremony between the Igedu prince in the Yoruba land, and the Emepiri princess, Princess Agingae at the play unfolding. This progress to the crisis or conflict that is, the event that caused the theft of King Iginla the prince’ father’s crown which led to the complications that brought about the truth about the queen’s hidden secrets as an adventurous woman. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Female Aesthetics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The struggle that arises within the play, also involves some characterization such as Chief Ubanga, the plights of finding the the crown by Bashorun, the emotional stages of the princess whose emotions have been tampered with and there by needs the caresses of her love Prince Oki( page 24). The crisis in the play heightens as it reveals some emotional intensities, such as the Queen’s actions and the consequence of her actions which reveals the female aesthetics in the central character. This female aesthetics will be discussed briefly